Basic First Aid

BASIC FIRST AID

It is important to be prepared for and emergency and to know how to give emergency care. If you encounter someone who is injured, apply the emergency action steps: Check-Call-Care. Check the scene to make sure it is safe. Then check the victim for unconsciousness and life-threatening conditions. Call for help. Care for the injured person.

Reduce Any Care Risks

The risk of getting a disease while giving first aid is extremely rare. However, to reduce the risk even further:

Avoid direct contact with blood and other body fluids.
Use protective equipment, such as disposable gloves and breathing barriers.
Thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water immediately after giving care.

Control Bleeding

Cover the wound with a dressing and press firmly against the wound (direct pressure).
Elevate the injured area above the level of the heart if you do not suspect the victim has a broken bone.
Cover the dressing with a roller bandage.
If the bleeding does not stop:

Apply additional bandages.
Use a pressure point to squeeze the artery against the bone.

Provide care for shock.

Care for Shock

Keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated.
Elevate the legs about 12 inches (if broken bones are not suspected).
Do not give food or drink to the victim.

Tend to Burns

Stop the burning by cooling the burn with large amounts of water.
Cover the burn with dry, clean dressings or cloth.

Care for Injuries to Muscles, Bones and Joints

Rest the injured part.
Apply ice or a cold pack to control swelling and reduce pain.
Avoid any movement or activity that causes pain.
If you must move the victim because the scene is becoming unsafe, try to immobilize the injured part to keep it from moving.

Be Aware of Biological/Radiological Exposure

Listen to radio and television reports for the most accurate information from responsible governmental and medical authorities on what's happening and what actions you will need to take.

All these recommendations are practical and effective, though they do not replace formal first aid training and certification. Online class registration is now available. Visit the course pages to learn more, or call the local American Red Cross.